Technical articles on electrical panels, low and medium voltage systems, standards, protection classes and field applications are published on the Devpan articles page. For corporate announcements and fair news, please visit our News page.
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Terminal and Cable Lug Connections: Tightening Torque and Thermal Reliability
Connection points inside a switchboard are where most faults begin, because a loosening joint gains contact resistance, heats up, and the heat accelerates further loosening. Correct…
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Busbar Support and Insulator Selection: Short-Circuit Forces
Busbar support and insulator selection follows the electrodynamic forces that arise between conductors during a short circuit. The force is proportional to the square of the…
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Control Transformer and 24 V DC Auxiliary Supply Selection
A control transformer separates the relay, contactor coil and signal circuits inside a panel from the power circuit and supplies them, usually at 230 V or…
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Detuned Reactor Compensation: Should p Be 7 % or 14 %?
Detuned reactor compensation places a reactor in series with each capacitor stage so that the resonance frequency of the circuit falls below the dominant harmonics present…
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Voltage Transformer (VT) Selection: Ratio, Accuracy Class and Ferroresonance
A voltage transformer steps medium-voltage system voltage down to the 100 V or 110 V level that measuring and protection devices can use. Selection is governed…
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IEC 61439 Design Verification: Testing, Comparison and Assessment
Design verification proves that a switchboard design genuinely achieves its declared ratings under IEC 61439, and it is carried out once per design rather than on…
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Switchboard Service Conditions: Altitude, Temperature and Humidity Derating
Service conditions are the environmental limits within which the rated values of a switchboard are valid: for indoor use an ambient of -5 to +40 °C…
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Insulation Coordination in Switchboards: Uimp, Clearance and Creepage
Insulation coordination in a switchboard means selecting the air clearance between live parts and the creepage distance across insulating surfaces according to the expected impulse voltage…
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Type 1 and Type 2 Coordination on Motor Feeders
The coordination type defines what damage is acceptable in a motor feeder after a short circuit. With Type 1 the contactor and thermal relay may be…
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